The true test of civilization is not the census, nor the size of cities, nor the crops, but the kind of man that the country turns out. Ralph Waldo Emerson, Society and Solitude, 1870. From the series Great Ideas of Western Man

Experience Abraham Rattner’s vibrant stained-glass depiction of Emerson’s ‘True Test.’ A powerful visual interpretation of Western ideals – explore this unique artwork today!


Abraham Rattner (1895 - 1978)

Abraham Rattner (1895-1978): American Expressionist painter known for vibrant canvases exploring religious themes & surrealism. WWI camouflage artist, featured in major museums.