The great Dominican theologian Saint Thomas Aquinas (1225–1274) is shown twice: consulting a book, and seated between Saints Peter and Paul, who miraculously appeared to help him interpret sacred texts. The narrative is mentioned in Aquinas’s first biography, written by William of Tocco, a Dominican prior who was part of the effort to promote his canonization. The panel belongs to an altarpiece painted for a chapel in the church of San Domenico in Modena. Bartolomeo degli Erri and his brother Agnolo were the key artistic personalities in Modena during the second half of the fifteenth century and painted three altarpieces for the church of San Domenico.