After the division of the Netherlands into the Calvinist north and the Catholic south, Flemish artists revisited and revitalized old religious motifs to revive the Catholic tradition. And Craesbeeck’s painting is a prime example of this.The hermit Anthony has withdrawn to a distant stretch of coastline, but even here temptation seeks out the pious. A bright light illuminates the dark space and the eerie events occurring there. Anthony is seen sitting in front of his shelter, clutching the Scriptures to fortify himself. The sea washes up a flock of evil spirits that press in on him, with the closest being a lascivious woman. The scene is dominated, however, by the giant head of a man, from which countless devils arise, as evil thoughts given physical form – while the man himself looks on in horror and the products of his mind. In his forehead – a peeled-open gash – devilish beings have lodged themselves: among them, a painter, an eyeglass, and a bird’s nest, leaving the viewer to wonder at their enigmatic meaning.Craesbeeck wants to warn his fellow humankind. And by doing so he is following a popular medieval tradition: as the motif of the macabre head demonstrates, he was influenced by the ‘diableries’ of Hieronymus Bosch, Pieter Brueghel and their followers. Craesbeeck was a pupil of Adriaen Brouwer and a contemporary of David Teniers. Even if one were to overlook the highly unusual subject, the painting in the Karlsruhe collection is an unmistakable work by Craesbeeck, purely in terms of its style, the colours, and the handling of light.