Three dynamic columns of flowing cursive Chinese characters spell out the philosophy of the seventeenth-century Rinzai master Bankei Yōtaku, who was renowned for advocating a philosophy—informed by Daoism and Zen Buddhism—of what he called the “Unborn.” The inscription here encapsulates the mystical outlook inherent in his spiritual teachings: 物先天地 無形本寂寥 能 爲萬象主不逐四時凋 Existing even priorto heaven and earth without form, silent,alone by itself,Its boundless powercontrols all creation;It remains unchangedas the seasons unfold. (Trans. John T. Carpenter) Fu Daishi, the Buddhist Master Fu or Great Teacher Fu, even though a lay practitioner (not a monk) earned the respect as one the great Chinese Buddhist teachers of his times, and was even said to be an incarnation of the Buddha of the future, Maitreya. Emperor Wu of the Liang dynasty, a devout Buddhist, was also a fervent student of his teachings. Fu Daishi also earned acclaim as a philanthropist and, for instance, funded the construction of Shuang-lin-ssu Temple and an attached sutra repository on the premises to house the entire collection of Buddhist scriptures. The repository was distinctive in that it had a revolving stand with eight faces for storing the scriptures, a type of repository that became common in later centuries. Therefore, portraits of him often show him posed near such sutra repositories; he is often also depicted with a laughing face and known in Japan as a Laughing Buddha or warai-botoke.