This image of an old man brings to mind the Italian teste di carattere or the Dutch troniesshowing a ‘type’ rather than an actual person. It is also reminiscent of similar depictions of the heads of philosophers, saints and apostles (often painted in series) known both from 17th- and 18th-century Italian, as well as Northern schools. It may have been prepared—but ultimately not used—by Bacciarelli for one of the historical paintings or plafonds decorating the apartments in the Royal Castle.According to Ludwik Hass however, the old bearded man in the Łazienkipainting is probably the same person whom Bacciarelli depicted as Aristotle in the Allegory of Wisdom on one of his four overdoors of c. 1777 in the Old Audience Chamber at the Royal Castle in Warsaw (L. Hass, Sekta farmazonii warszawskiej. Pierwsze stulecie wolnomularstwa w Warszawie (1721–1821),Warszawa 1980, figs. 21 and 22 and notes). According to Hass, Bacciarelli gave Aristotle the features of Stanisław August’s former tutor, Jean Luc Louis de Toux de Salvert. He is shown talking to his pupil, young Alexander‒a symbolic figure of young Stanisław August. The Łazienki portrait of an old man would therefore be a likeness of Toux de Salvert.