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Self Portrait

Sir John Baptist de Medina (1659-1710): Scottish portrait artist & illustrator of Milton's *Paradise Lost*. Known for Baroque style, informal portraits & historical significance.

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Total Price

$ 263

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Self Portrait

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Total Price

$ 263


Artist Biography

John Baptist de Medina: Life and Legacy

Early Life and Training

  • Birth and Origins: Sir John Baptist de Medina was born in 1659 in Brussels, to a Spanish army captain. His early life was shaped by his family’s military background and the vibrant artistic environment of Brussels.
  • Artistic Education: He received his initial artistic training under François Duchatel, a respected painter of the time. This foundational education instilled in him the principles of Baroque art and portraiture.

Move to England and Scotland

  • London Years (1686): In 1686, de Medina moved to London, establishing his studio in Drury Lane. He quickly gained recognition for his portraiture skills.
  • Scottish Patronage: De Medina specialized in painting Scottish sitters even while in London. Later, around 1688-89 or 1694, he relocated to Edinburgh, where he remained for the rest of his life. He was greatly encouraged and sponsored by the Earl of Melville.
  • Political Connections: The Earl of Melville’s influence was crucial; as Secretary of State for Scotland, he provided de Medina with access to prominent figures and commissions.

Artistic Style and Influences

  • Baroque Portraiture: De Medina’s style is firmly rooted in the Baroque tradition. His portraits are characterized by a sense of realism, dramatic lighting, and rich colors.
  • Influences: He was significantly influenced by Sir Godfrey Kneller, whose portrait style he emulated, but often with a more relaxed and informal approach.
  • Distinctive Features: De Medina favored bright blues and rose-reds in clothing and dark backgrounds. The quality of his work varied, likely due to the assistance of studio assistants.

Major Achievements and Works

  • Portrait Series at Surgeons’ Hall: His most celebrated works are a collection of approximately 30 oval bust-length portraits housed in Surgeons' Hall, Edinburgh. These are often compared to Kneller’s Kit Cat Club series.
  • *Paradise Lost* Illustrations (1688): De Medina was the first artist to illustrate John Milton’s epic poem *Paradise Lost*. His twelve engraved plates for the 1688 edition are notable for their careful adherence to the text and imaginative use of biblical iconography.
  • Portraits of Scottish Nobility: He created numerous portraits of prominent Scottish figures, solidifying his position as the leading portraitist in Scotland during his lifetime.

Historical Significance and Legacy

  • Dominant Portraitist: De Medina held a near-monopoly on portraiture in Scotland for much of his career, charging standard fees of £5 for a head and £10 for a half-length portrait.
  • Knighthood (1706): He was knighted in 1706, one of the last Scottish knights created before the Acts of Union in 1707.
  • Mentorship: De Medina trained both his son and William Aikman, who became a leading Scottish portrait painter of the next generation.
  • Lasting Impact: While not as widely recognized internationally as some of his contemporaries, de Medina’s work provides valuable insight into 17th-century Scottish society and artistic practice.

Death and Burial

  • Final Years: John Baptist de Medina died in Edinburgh on October 5, 1710.
  • Burial Site: He was buried in Greyfriars Kirkyard, Edinburgh, in a solid enclosed vault near the steps leading to the northern section.

Quick Facts

  • Birth_Date: 1659
  • Birth_Place: Brussels
  • Death_Date: 1710
  • Influenced: William Aikman
  • Influenced_By: François Duchatel, Sir Godfrey Kneller
  • Movement: Baroque
  • Name: John Baptist de Medina
  • Nationality: Flemish-Spanish
  • Notable_Works: Illustrations for *Paradise Lost*, Portraits of Scottish nobility
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