Is Screen Depicting Landscape, People, Flowers and Birds under copyright?

No, this artwork is in the public domain.

What is the thematic context of Screen Depicting Landscape, People, Flowers and Birds?

sesshu's legacy, kano school influence, zen buddhist concepts, spiritual reflection, daimyo patronage", conservative style, successor to sesshu"

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Artwork Description

These screens have twelve ink paintings pasted on them depicting landscapes, people or flowers and birds created in both formal and cursive styles. The composition of each picture leaves large areas of blank space with the main subjects dominating; the Chinese sages are depicted as having square shoulders and a slight stoop, which is typical of Togan’s style, as is the accentuated contrast in the tone of the ink depicting the trees. The motifs of plum tree and fish are rare subjects for the artist. UNKOKU Togan (1547 - 1618) was the second son of HARA Naoie, the lord of Nogomi castle in Hizen Province (present-day Saga Pref.). His name was Naoharu and he studied painting under KANO Shoei or Eitoku. He gave up his samurai status to become a painter, serving MORI Terumoto (1595-1651), Daimyo of Nagato domain, in this capacity. Terumoto presented him with Sesshu’s ‘Sansui Chokan’ picture scroll and made him Abbot of Unkoku-an Temple where the Buddhist priest-artist, Sesshu had once lived. Togan declared himself to be Sesshu’s successor and devoted himself to passing on Sesshu’s style of painting to later generations. He formalized Sesshu’s style of landscapes, depicting people in the Ryokai-style and creating a characteristic style of his own which, while appearing conservative, allowed him to establish himself as Sesshu’s legitimate heir during the Momoyama period when the Kano school, HASEGAWA Tohaku, KAIHO Yusho, SOGA Chokuan and other artists who practiced the Chinese style of painting were active.

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Artist Biography

Unkoku Tōgan: A Life Dedicated to Landscape and Spirituality

Born: Nagasaki, Japan (1547)
Died: 1618

Unkoku Tōgan, born in 1547, stands as a significant figure in Japanese art history, renowned for his realistic landscapes and the profound spirituality interwoven within his works. Born into privilege as the second son of Hara Naoie, lord of Nokomi Castle in Hizen province, Nagasaki provided the backdrop to his early life and artistic development.

Early Training and Artistic Development

Tōgan’s initial training occurred within the esteemed Kanō school, a dominant force in Japanese art during that era. However, he soon transcended this foundation, drawing significant inspiration from the celebrated painter Sesshū Tōsai. This influence is evident in his signature style – paintings primarily executed using ink on paper, depicting strikingly realistic landscapes. He initially worked under Lord Mori of Yamaguchi Prefecture.

Artistic Style and Notable Works

Unkoku Tōgan’s artistic hallmark lies in his bold brushstrokes and the vibrant colors he employed, a departure from traditional Japanese art styles. His landscapes weren't merely depictions of scenery; they conveyed a sense of depth and realism rarely seen at the time. Some of his most recognized works include:

Screen Depicting Landscape, People, Flowers, and Birds: Currently housed at the Iwami Art Museum, this piece exemplifies his ability to integrate various elements into a cohesive and captivating scene.
Bodhidharma: A masterful 1601 ink wash painting embodying Zen philosophy, showcasing minimalist composition and profound spirituality.
Priest Xianzi: Demonstrates his skill in portraiture alongside landscape artistry.

Beyond Painting: Buddhist Life and Spiritual Influence

Tōgan’s life extended beyond the realm of painting. He embraced a spiritual path, becoming a Buddhist priest and abbot of Unkoku-an Temple. This experience profoundly shaped his artistic vision, imbuing his works with themes of nature and spirituality. His paintings often reflect a deep connection to the natural world and an understanding of Zen principles.

Legacy and Influence

Unkoku Tōgan’s influence resonated throughout Japanese art history. While rooted in the Kanō school, he forged his own distinct style that inspired subsequent generations of artists. Notable figures who drew inspiration from his work include:

Kano Sansetsu
Kanō Eitoku

His paintings are housed in prestigious institutions such as the Museum Menard Art Museum, highlighting his enduring importance within Japanese cultural heritage. His artistic style and legacy continue to be studied by art historians and scholars today.

unkoku togan

1547 - 1618 , Japan

Quick Facts

Artistic Movement Or Style: Suiboku-ga, Kanō school
Artists Or Movements Influenced By This Artist:
- Kano Sansetsu
- Kanō Eitoku
Artists Who Influenced This Artist:
- Sesshu
- Kanō School
Date Of Birth: 1547
Date Of Death: 1618
Full Name: Unkoku Tōgan
Nationality: Japanese
Notable Artworks:
- Screen Depicting Landscape
- Bodhidharma
- Priest Xianzi
Place Of Birth: Nagasaki, Japan

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